Áèáëèîòåêà
Òåîëîãèÿ
Êîíôåññèè
Èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè
Äðóãèå ïðîåêòû
|
Âàø êîììåíòàðèé î êíèãå
Åôèìîâà Å. Ýêîíîìèêà: Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå
ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ
ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÎÅ ÀÃÅÍÒÑÒÂÎ ÏÎ ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÞ
ÌÎÑÊÎÂÑÊÈÉ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÈÍÄÓÑÒÐÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒ
ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈÎÍÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈß
Å.Ã. Åôèìîâà
ÝÊÎÍÎÌÈÊÀ
Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå
Ðåêîìåíäîâàíî Ìåæâóçîâñêèì öåíòðîì ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ
Ìèíèñòåðñòâà îáðàçîâàíèÿ è íàóêè ÐÔ â êà÷åñòâå ó÷åáíîãî ïîñîáèÿ
äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ âûñøèõ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé, îáó÷àþùèõñÿ
ïî íåýêîíîìè÷åñêèì ñïåöèàëüíîñòÿì è íàïðàâëåíèÿì
Ìîñêâà 2005
Ðåöåíçåíòû: Â.È. Ìàçóðêåâè÷, çàâ. êàôåäðîé ýêîíîìèêè è óïðàâëåíèÿ ïðåäïðèÿòèåì Ìîñêîâñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà èíæåíåðíîé ýêîëîãèè, ê.ý.í., ïðîôåññîð
Ä.Å. Ñîðèí, ðóêîâîäèòåëü Öåíòðà ïîëèòýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ÈÝ ÐÀÍ, ä.ý.í., ïðîôåññîð
Åôèìîâà Å.Ã.
Å 91 Ýêîíîìèêà: Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå. - Ì.: ÌÃÈÓ, 2005. - 368 ñ.
ISBN 5-276-00580-Õ
Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå ñîäåðæèò ñèñòåìàòèçèðîâàííîå èçëîæåíèå êóðñà ýêîíîìèêè, èçó÷àåìîãî ñòóäåíòàìè íåýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ñïåöèàëüíîñòåé. Íà îñíîâå äîñòèæåíèé ñîâðåìåííîé ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ìûñëè ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ ãëàâíûå âîïðîñû ìèêðî- è ìàêðîýêîíîìèêè. Èçëîæåíèå òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ ïðîáëåì ñîïðîâîæäàåòñÿ àíàëèçîì èõ ñîñòîÿíèÿ â ñîâðåìåííîé Ðîññèè.  ó÷åáíîì ïîñîáèè ñîäåðæèòñÿ îáøèðíûé ôàêòè÷åñêèé è ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë.
Èçäàíèå ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ äèñòàíöèîííîé ôîðìû îáó÷åíèÿ è ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíî êàê ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîå ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå èëè â êîìïëåêòå ñ ýëåêòðîííîé èíôîðìàöèîííî-îáó÷àþùåé ñèñòåìîé.
ÁÁÊ 65.01
© Å.Ã. Åôèìîâà, 2005 © ÌÃÈÓ, 2005 © ÈÄÎ, 2005
FEDERAL AGENCY OF EDUCATION
THE MOSCOW STATE INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF DISTANT EDUCATION
Elena G. Efimova
ECONOMICS
Manual
Recommended by the Inter-University Center of Economic Education
of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation
as the manual for non-economist students
Moscow 2005
Reviewers: V.I.Mazurkevich, Head of Department "Economics and Management of
Enterprise" of the Moscow State University of Engineering Ecology, Cand.of Econ. sci., Professor
D.E.Sorin, Head of the Center of Politico-Economical Researches of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doct. of Econ. sci., Professor
Efimova E.G.
Å 91 Economics: Manual. - Moscow: MSIU, 2005. - 368 pp.
ISBN 5-276-00580-X
The manual contains a systematic course of economics studied by students of non economic specialties. Main items of micro- and macroeconomics are considered basing on the modern achievements of economic ideas. Consideration of theoretical problems is accompanied by the analysis of their state in modern Russia. The manual compiles extensive actual and statistical material.
The edition is intended for the distant-learning students and can be used both as an independent manual or together with an electronic informational-training system.
ÁÁÊ 65.01
© E.G.Efimova, 2005 © MSIU, 2005 © IDE, 2005
Ïðåäèñëîâèå
Îñíîâíûì äîâîäîì â ïîëüçó èçó÷åíèÿ ýêîíîìèêè ñòóäåíòàìè-íåýêîíîìèñòàìè ÿâëÿåòñÿ òî, ÷òî ýêîíîìèêà èññëåäóåò ïðîáëåìû, êîòîðûå êàñàþòñÿ âñåõ ëþäåé áåç èñêëþ÷åíèÿ. Âñå ëþäè âîâëå÷åíû â ñôåðó ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé æèçíè (îíè ñîâåðøàþò ïîêóïêè, ïîëó÷àþò äîõîäû, ïëàòÿò íàëîãè è ò.ï.). Âñÿêèé ÷åëîâåê ðàíî èëè ïîçäíî çàäàåòñÿ âîïðîñàìè: îò ÷åãî çàâèñèò çàðàáîòíàÿ ïëàòà, ïî÷åìó ðàñòóò öåíû, ïî÷åìó â îäíîé ñòðàíå óðîâåíü æèçíè âûøå, ÷åì â äðóãîé, ÷òî âûãîäíåå - ðàáîòàòü ïî íàéìó èëè îðãàíèçîâàòü ñîáñòâåííîå äåëî.
Êàê ïèñàë àâòîð âñåìèðíî èçâåñòíîãî ó÷åáíèêà "Ýêîíîìèêñ", ëàóðåàò Íîáåëåâñêîé ïðåìèè Ï. Ñàìóýëüñîí, "äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà, êîòîðûé ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêè íå èçó÷àë ýêîíîìè÷åñêóþ òåîðèþ, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò îãðîìíóþ òðóäíîñòü íå òîëüêî äàòü îòâåò íà ýòè âîïðîñû, íî äàæå ñàìà ïîïûòêà îáäóìàòü èõ êàê ñëåäóåò. Îí ïîäîáåí ãëóõîìó, ïûòàþùåìóñÿ äàòü ñâîþ îöåíêó ìóçûêàëüíîìó ïðîèçâåäåíèþ".
Èçó÷åíèå ýêîíîìèêè äàåò ñòóäåíòàì íå ïðîñòî ãîòîâûå çíàíèÿ â îáëàñòè ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé òåîðèè, íî ôîðìèðóåò ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé îáðàç ìûøëåíèÿ, çíàêîìèò èõ ñ ìåòîäàìè ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà, íåîáõîäèìûìè äëÿ ïîíèìàíèÿ ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ è ÿâëåíèé, ïðîèñõîäÿùèõ â æèçíè îáùåñòâà. Ïî ñëîâàì êðóïíåéøåãî ýêîíîìèñòà XX â. Äæ. Ì. Êåéíñà: "Ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ òåîðèÿ... ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñêîðåå ìåòîäîì, ÷åì ó÷åíèåì, èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûì èíñòðóìåíòîì, òåõíèêîé ìûøëåíèÿ, ïîìîãàÿ òîìó, êòî âëàäååò åþ, ïðèõîäèòü ê ïðàâèëüíûì çàêëþ÷åíèÿì".
Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå äîëæíî ïîìî÷ü ñòóäåíòàì â ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîé ðàáîòå íàä êóðñîì ýêîíîìèêè. Èçëîæåíèå òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà â íåì ñî÷åòàåòñÿ ñ àíàëèçîì ñîñòîÿíèÿ òîé èëè èíîé ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ïðîáëåìû â Ðîññèè. Ýòî ïîçâîëèò ñòóäåíòàì ëó÷øå ðàçîáðàòüñÿ â ïðîøëîì è íàñòîÿùåì Ðîññèè, ïîíÿòü ñóòü ïðîâîäèìûõ ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ðåôîðì, ïåðñïåêòèâû ðàçâèòèÿ ýêîíîìèêè Ðîññèè.
Íàðÿäó ñ òåîðåòè÷åñêèì ìàòåðèàëîì ó÷åáíèê ñîäåðæèò âîïðîñû äëÿ ñàìîêîíòðîëÿ, îòâåòû íà êîòîðûå ñïîñîáñòâóþò ïîíèìàíèþ èçó÷àåìîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Âûâîäû â êîíöå ãëàâû ïîçâîëÿþò îáîáùèòü èçó÷åííûé ìàòåðèàë.
Êíèãà ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êàê ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîå ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå èëè â êîìïëåêòå ñ ýëåêòðîííîé èíôîðìàöèîííî-îáó÷àþùåé ñèñòåìîé.
Foreword
Economics investigates problems which concern all people with no exception and this is the major argument for the benefit of studying economics by non-economist students. All people are involved in the sphere of economics (shopping, receiving incomes, paying taxes, etc). Everyone sooner or later is to answer the questions: what does the salary depend on, what is the reason of price growth, why living standarts differ in different countries, what is more preferable - to be hired or organize own business?
According to the author of the world famous textbook "Economics", Nobel prize winner P. Samuelson, the person who did not regularly study the economic theory should suffer difficulties not only in answering these questions, but even attempting to consider them in the proper way, and this person resembles a deaf person, trying to estimate a piece of music.
Studying economics gives students not only ready knowledge in the field of economic theory, but provides them with economic mentality, acquaints them with methods of economic analysis necessary for understanding the economic processes and phenomena of social life. According to the greatest economist of the XX century. J.M. Keynes the economic theory is more likely a method, rather than a doctrine, intellectual tool, method of thinking, helping those who possess it to come to correct conclusions.
The manual should help students in self-sufficient study of economics. The theoretical material in this manual is combined with the analysis of economic problems in Russia. It will allow students to better understand the past and the present of Russia, essence of economic reforms, as well as the prospects of development of Russian economy.
Alongside with theoretical material, the textbook contains questions for self-testing, answers to which promote understanding of material studied. Conclusions at the end of the chapter allow to generalize the material.
The book can be used as an independent manual or together with electronic informational-training system.
.
Âàø êîììåíòàðèé î êíèãå Îáðàòíî â ðàçäåë Ýêîíîìèêà è ìåíåäæìåíò
|
|